Same here on Ubuntu 24.04 (GNOME Wayland, libinput touchpad): ordinary vertical scrolls through a long thread navigate back mid-scroll.
The axis-lock fix described above would cut most of the false triggers. A setting to turn the gesture off would settle it for anyone who goes back and forth with the keyboard or the sidebar. #28023 asked for that setting and was closed as completed, but I can't find the setting in the app or in the code, so I'm asking for it here.