fix(server): keep sensitive values out of settings reads, startup logs and preview snapshots (#20446)

Co-authored-by: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
8653c8f09bJulius Marminge committed on 10/17/2026, 6:14:22 AM· committed by GitHubparentaa28bde
11 files changedLine totals unavailable