std: [breaking] move errno to become an nonexhaustive enum

The primary purpose of this change is to eliminate one usage of
`usingnamespace` in the standard library - specifically the usage for
errno values in `std.os.linux`.

This is accomplished by truncating the `E` prefix from error values, and
making errno a proper enum.

A similar strategy can be used to eliminate some other `usingnamespace`
sites in the std lib.
a98fa56ae9Andrew Kelley committed on 8/24/2021, 5:23:28 AMparent9e3ec98
40 files changedLine totals unavailable