improve impl of `__sqrth`, `sqrtf`, `sqrt`, `__sqrtx` and `sqrtq` (#25416)

The previous version (ported from musl) used bit-by-bit calculations and was slow, but the current version (also ported from musl) uses lookup tables combined with Goldschmidt iterations to significantly improve the speed.
9bfd4c3017Zhenming Lin committed on 10/6/2025, 6:45:51 PM· committed by GitHubparent851ae9b
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