* stage2: Make zig cc more verbose

Make `zig cc` print more info from Clang itself and from our own linker
invocation, this is needed for CMake to properly discover all the
include directories and library search paths.

Closes #7110

* Update `update_clang_options`

* Typo fixes

Co-authored-by: Jakub Konka <kubkon@jakubkonka.com>