agent: Fix Claude Code terminal login on Windows (#39325)

Remove the ad-hoc quoting we were doing before, which only works for
POSIX shells, in favor of using `Shell::WithArguments`.

Release Notes:

- N/A

---------

Co-authored-by: Lukas Wirth <me@lukaswirth.dev>
97f552876cCole Miller committed on 10/2/2025, 12:58:40 PM· committed by GitHubparent63c081d
3 files changedLine totals unavailable