windows: Fix atomic write (#30234)

Superseded #30222

On Windows, `MoveFileExW` fails if another process is holding a handle
to the file. This PR fixes that issue by switching to `ReplaceFileW`
instead.

I’ve also added corresponding tests.

According to [this Microsoft research
paper](https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/research/wp-content/uploads/2006/04/tr-2006-45.pdf)
and the [official
documentation](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/win32/fileio/deprecation-of-txf#applications-updating-a-single-file-with-document-like-data),
`ReplaceFileW` is considered an atomic operation. even though the
official docs don’t explicitly state whether `MoveFileExW` or
`ReplaceFileW` is guaranteed to be atomic.

Release Notes:

- N/A
20387f24aa张小白 committed on 5/8/2025, 11:57:16 AM· committed by GitHubparent4b5158b
1 file changedLine totals unavailable